Understanding the Signs of Glaucoma: A Guide for Seniors

As we age, taking care of our eyes becomes increasingly important. One common eye condition among seniors is glaucoma, which damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss. Fortunately, early detection and treatment can help protect your vision. This article will outline the key signs of glaucoma and how seniors can seek help in Singapore.

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases affecting the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. In most cases, this damage is caused by increased eye pressure, known as intraocular pressure. The two main types of glaucoma are open-angle glaucoma, the most common type, and angle-closure glaucoma, which occurs suddenly and is considered an emergency.

Signs and Symptoms of Glaucoma

Most types of glaucoma progress very slowly, and the symptoms may not be obvious at first. Here are some common signs seniors should be aware of:

1.   Gradual Loss of Peripheral Vision

Open-angle glaucoma typically starts with a subtle loss of peripheral vision. Many people may not notice this gradual decline until it becomes significant. Regular eye check-ups can help detect changes in peripheral vision early.

2.   Blurred Vision

Blurry vision or difficulty focusing on objects can be another symptom. If you notice persistent blurred vision, it may be a sign of glaucoma or other eye conditions that require immediate attention.

3.   Halos Around Lights

Some people with glaucoma may see halos or rainbow-like rings around lights, particularly in dim lighting. This can be an early warning sign, especially for those with angle-closure glaucoma.

4.   Eye Pain or Pressure

In cases of angle-closure glaucoma, the sudden build-up of pressure can cause intense eye pain or a feeling of pressure in the eye. Other symptoms like nausea or vomiting often accompany this and require emergency care.

5.   Redness of the Eyes

Chronic redness of the eyes may indicate an underlying issue, including glaucoma. If you experience persistent redness, it’s best to consult a specialist.

6.   Sudden Vision Loss

While rare, sudden vision loss can occur in cases of angle-closure glaucoma. If this happens, it is a medical emergency, and you should seek immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage.

Who is at Risk?

While anyone can develop glaucoma, seniors are particularly at risk. Some of the risk factors include:

• Age: People over the age of 60 are more likely to develop glaucoma.
• Family History: Your risk is higher if glaucoma runs in your family.
• High Eye Pressure: Increased intraocular pressure is a significant risk factor.
• Diabetes and High Blood Pressure: These conditions can increase the risk of glaucoma.

Preventing and Managing Glaucoma

Early detection through regular eye exams is the best way to prevent vision loss from glaucoma. Seniors should schedule comprehensive eye exams at least once a year, especially if they have risk factors.

Treatment Options

Treatments can help manage the condition and prevent further vision loss if glaucoma is detected. These treatments include:

• Eye Drops: Medicated eye drops can lower eye pressure and are often the first line of treatment.
• Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can improve fluid drainage from the eye and reduce pressure.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to create a new drainage channel or reduce fluid production in the eye.

Where to Seek Help in Singapore

If you are experiencing any of the signs or symptoms mentioned above, seeing an eye specialist is important. Here are some organisations and specialists in Singapore that can help with glaucoma diagnosis and management:

• Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC): SNEC is one of the leading eye care centres in the region and offers comprehensive glaucoma services. Seniors can book an appointment with a specialist for a full eye assessment.
• National University Hospital (NUH) Eye Surgery Centre: NUH Eye Surgery Centre offers advanced treatments for glaucoma and other eye conditions. It is a reliable choice for seniors seeking expert care.
• Health Promotion Board (HPB): The HPB provides general information on maintaining healthy eyes and preventing glaucoma through regular check-ups. They also offer health screening programmes that seniors can explore.
• Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) Eye Clinic: TTSH offers comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss if not detected and treated early. Seniors should be aware of the signs, particularly if they are at higher risk. Regular eye exams and prompt treatment can help preserve your vision and prevent complications.